Penguasaan lahan dan hubungannya dengan pendapatan dan curahan waktu kerja di luar usaha tani=:Land Tenure and the Relationship with Off-farm Income and

ABSTRACT Land tenure is one of the important factors of household economy. Especially for rural household, land tenure is the income yielding from natural source and is the highest one. Almost all studies of rural household economy are connected with this aspect This study expresses that the major aspects of land tenure are land ownership, either inheritance or purchased land. The distribution pattern of land tenure indirates inequality shown by 0.68 Gini Index. This land tenure inequality will become serious if it is regarded between wet rice field and dry rice field separately. It is shown by 0.80 and 0.73 Gini Index. This study clarifies that the distribution pattern of the total household incomes indicate equality shown by 0.34 Gini Endes. The distribution pattern of the household income will become inequality if it is regarded from farm income size separately, it is shown by 0.52 Gini Index. This study also clarifies that the majority of the total household income is contributed by off farm income. The first finding of this study was the nonsignificant relationship between land tenure broadth with off farm size. This finding was strengthened by the nonsignificant relationship between farm income size with off farm income size. The first conclution emphasized that the hypothesis or positive relationship between land tenure broadth or farm income size with off farm income size, was not true for all owes. The other finding of this study was the negative relationship between land tenure broadth and farm income size with time allocation for off farm activity which was done by household head. This finding strengthened the hypothesis of this study. Key words: land tenure -- shift of employment structure -- off farm employment

Strategic Agility, Business Model Innovation and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation

Despite the robust literature on the nature of business models and their implications for firm performance, research on the organizational antecedents of business model innovations (BMIs) is still evolving. In this paper, we empirically examine the extent to which firm-level strategic agility predicts the adoption of three (value creation, value capture, and value proposition) types of BMIs. Furthermore, we propose that the relationship between firm-level strategic agility and BMI adoption is contingent on the degree of environmental turbulence. Finally, we explore the mediating role that BMI plays in the relationship between firm-level strategic agility and firm performance. Our analysis of data from 432 German firms in the electronics industry indicates that strategic agility is positively related to BMI and that this relationship is indeed strengthened by the degree of environmental turbulence. Additionally, our findings show that, while value proposition and value creation BMIs have positive relationships with firm performance, value capture innovation is negatively related to firm performance; these findings are contrary to our prediction. Finally, the results of our mediation tests indicate that BMI serves as an important intermediary mechanism through which firms’ strategic agility contributes to superior firm performance

Supporting automatic recovery in offloaded distributed programming models through MPI-3 techniques

In this paper we describe the design of fault tolerance capabilities for general-purpose offload semantics, based on the OmpSs programming model. Using ParaStation MPI, a production MPI-3.1 implementation, we explore the features that, being standard compliant, an MPI stack must support to provide the necessary fault tolerance guarantees, based on MPI's dynamic process management. Our results, including synthetic benchmarks and applications, reveal low runtime overhead and efficient recovery, demonstrating that the existing MPI standard provided us with sufficient mechanisms to implement an effective and efficient fault-tolerant solution.This research received funding from the European Community’s 7th Framework Programme via the DEEP-ER project under Grant Agreement no. 610476. This work has also been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract TIN2012-34557) and by Generalitat de Catalunya (contracts 2014-SGR-1051 and 2014-SGR-1272). Antonio J. Peña is cofinanced by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Juan de la Cierva fellowship number IJCI-2015-23266. The authors thank Jorge Bell´on, from BSC, for his technical support with the Nanos++ internals.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Changing with the time: New ventures’ quest for innovation

New ventures are often based on new ideas and innovation. For creating and improving the innovation new ventures can draw on internal and external resources, to which they often have limited access. Our study analyses how new ventures can improve their innovation search by entering collaborative workspaces, so-called co-working spaces. In our qualitative study, we use participative observation and analyze 8 cases of new ventures operating in a coworking-space. Key findings are that forms of innovation search differ with respect to the venture’s life cycle. The new ventures search focus alternates between internal and external search, depending on the current stage of the venture. In general, the co-location of ventures in collaborative workspaces offers rich opportunities for social interactions, information exchange, and collaboration which are especially important for early-stage ventures

Diving into the uncertainties of open innovation: A systematic review of risks to uncover pertinent typologies and unexplored horizons

publishedVersionPaid open acces

Forage silica and water content control dental surface texture in guinea pigs and provide implications for dietary reconstruction

Recent studies have shown that phytoliths are softer than dental enamel but still act as abrasive agents. Thus, phytolith content should be reflected in dental wear. Because native phytoliths show lower indentation hardness than phytoliths extracted by dry ashing, we propose that the hydration state of plant tissue will also affect dental abrasion. To assess this, we performed a controlled feeding experiment with 36 adult guinea pigs, fed exclusively with three different natural forages: lucerne, timothy grass, and bamboo with distinct phytolith/silica contents (lucerne < grass < bamboo). Each forage was fed in fresh or dried state for 3 weeks. We then performed 3D surface texture analysis (3DST) on the upper fourth premolar. Generally, enamel surface roughness increased with higher forage phytolith/silica content. Additionally, fresh and dry grass feeders displayed differences in wear patterns, with those of fresh grass feeders being similar to fresh and dry lucerne (phytolith-poor) feeders, supporting previous reports that "fresh grass grazers" show less abrasion than unspecialized grazers. Our results demonstrate that not only phytolith content but also properties such as water content can significantly affect plant abrasiveness, even to such an extent that wear patterns characteristic for dietary traits (browser-grazer differences) become indistinguishable

Measuring gait kinematics in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis using wearable sensors

Background The popularity of inertial sensors in gait analysis is steadily rising. To date, an application of a wearable inertial sensor system for assessing gait in hip osteoarthritis (OA) has not been reported. Research question: Can the known kinematic differences between patients with hip OA and asymptomatic control subjects be measured using the inertial sensor system RehaGait®? Methods The patients group consisted of 22 patients with unilateral hip OA scheduled for total hip replacement. Forty-five age matched healthy control subjects served as control group. All subjects walked for a distance of 20 m at their self-selected speed. Spatiotemporal parameters and sagittal kinematics at the hip, knee, and ankle including range of motion (ROM) were measured using the RehaGait® system. Results Patients with hip OA walked at a slower walking speed (−0.18 m/s, P < 0.001) and with shorter stride length (−0.16 m, P < 0.001), smaller hip ROM during stance (−11.6°, P < 0.001) and swing (−11.3°, P < 0.001) and smaller knee ROM during terminal stance and swing (−9.0° and−11.5°, P < 0.001). Patients had a smaller hip ROM during stance and swing and smaller knee ROM during terminal stance and swing in the affected compared to the unaffected side (P < 0.001). Significance The differences in spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters between patients with hip OA and age matched control subjects assessed using the inertial sensor system agree with those documented for camera-based systems. Hence, the RehaGait® system can measure gait kinematics characteristic for hip OA, and its use in daily clinical practice is feasible

Long-term survival and radiological results of the Duracon™ total knee arthroplasty

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the long-term (>tenyears) survival rate and radiological results of the Duracon TKA. Methods: Between 1992 and 1999 159 Duracon TKA were implanted at our institution. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the endpoints exchange, addition or removal of any component for any reason, revision due to aseptic loosening and mechanical failure was performed. Radiological long-term (>tenyears) follow-up (FU) analysis was performed according to the Knee Society Radiographic Evaluation and Scoring System. Results: Mean age at surgery was 74.3years, 28% were male, and 89% had primary osteoarthritis as diagnosis. Mean FU for survival analysis was 10.9years (SD 4.2). A total of 58% of the patients died during follow-up. Three patients (2.1%) were lost to follow-up and five TKA (3.1%) were revised. After tenyears the mean survival was 97.7%, 99.4% and 98.3% for the aforementioned endpoints, respectively. Mean radiological FU was 11.8years (SD 2.3). We found no significant change in alignment of the components or axis over time. Progressive radiolucencies were found in nine TKA (17%), mainly around the tibial component (95%). Conclusion: The Duracon TKA showed excellent long-term survival comparable to data from national registers and to other successful designs. Radiological changes found on plain radiographs were scarce after almost 12years of radiological follow-up indicating good implant stability